THE RISE OF SENSELESS VIOLENCE IN SOCIETY:
PSYCHIATRY’S ROLE IN THE CREATION OF CRIME
REFERENCES ~~~~~~~~~~
Inside Cover
1. Principles, Guidelines and Guarantees for the Protection of Persons
Detained on Grounds of Mental Ill-Health or Suffering from Mental
Disorder, prepared by Erica-Irene A. Daes, United Nations, (New York
1986), pg. 17.
Chapter One
1. Rick Carroll, "Doctors Who OKd Kemper," San Francisco Chronicle, May
1, 1973.
2. Crime Index Rate, United States, 1960-1987, Department of Justice,
Federal Bureau of Investigation, Washington, D.C.; "Crimes and Crime
Rates, By Type: 1979 to 1988," Statistical Abstract of the United
States 1990, 110th edition, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the
Census, January 1990, pg. 170.
3. Michael Newton, Mass Murder, An Annotated Bibliography, (New York:
Garland, 1985), pg. ix.
4. Ronald J. Ostrow, "FBI’s Sessions Elevates Investigations of Violent
Crime to Priority Status for Agents," Los Angeles Times, June 22,
1989.
5. Information from the Federal Bureau of Statistics, Wiesbaden,
Germany, quoted in Was Hat Die Psychiatrie mit unserem Steuergeld
Getan? [What has psychiatry done with our tax dollars?], prepared by
the Kommission fur Verstosse der Psychiatrie gegen Menschenrecthe
(Citizens Commission on Human Rights, Germany), (Hamburg, 1991), pgs.
10-14.
6. Information from the federal agency, Statistics Canada, quoted in
What Has Psychiatry Done With Our Tax Dollars? prepared by the
Citizens Commission on Human Rights, Canada, (Toronto, 1990), pg. 16.
7. Newton, cited above at note 1-3.
8. David Harpster and Kathleen Salamon, "Schoolyard Massacre, 5 Kids
Die in Shooting, Gunman Injures 30 Others, then kills himself," The
Sacramento Union, January 18, 1989.
9. "Chronological Life History of Patrick Edward Purdy," prepared by
Special Agents Allen Benitez and Phil Lee, Bureau of Investigation,
California Department of Justice, 1989, pgs. 5, 17-18. The drugs were
Thorazine, Elavil and Mellaril. These drugs as well as the other drugs
and classes of drugs mentioned in this chapter are discussed in Chapter
2.
10. Emil Venere, "It’s too late now," Tribune, Chandler, Arizona,
October 23, 1988; George E. Bolduc, "Report of Investigation by Medical
Examiner," Maricopa County Office of the Medical Examiner, October 17,
1988.
11. "Gunman Kills Girl, Wounds 10 at School," Los Angeles Times,
September 27, 1988.
12. Bob Smith, "Medications’ effects issue in Wilson trial," State,
Columbia, South Carolina, April 25, 1989, pg. 1D; Lee Richards,
"Psychiatric Drugs Create Killer," FREEDOM Magazine, November/December,
1988, pgs. 16-17. Wilson had been given several major and minor
tranquilizers.
13. Newsweek, June 13, 1989, pg. 33.
14. "Drug Treatment," USA Today, June 3, 1988, pg. 3A. Dann had been
taking Anafranil, a tricyclic antidepressant.
15. "Hinckley’s psychiatrist prescribed disastrous treatment, doctor
says," The Miami Herald, May 19, 1982, pg. 2A.
16. "Hinckley backs gun control," USA Today, August 8, 1989.
17. "Navy Officer Shot at Pentagon Parking Lot," United Press
International, May 30, 1991.
18. Statement of Thelma Campbell, the mother of Carl E. Campbell, on
file with CCHR.
19. Jim Adams and Cary B. Willis, "Inquest probes causes of rampage,"
The Courier-Journal, Louisville, November 23, 1989.
20. "Toxicology Sheet of Joseph Wesbecker," prepared by Dr. Richard
Greathouse, coroner of Jefferson County, Kentucky; interview with
Richard Greathouse, WKLY-TV, Louisville, October 19, 1989, 11 p.m.
21. R.C. Winkler and others, "Hazards of Therapy: Child Abuse in the 24
Hours After Psychotherapy Sessions," The Medical Journal of Australia,
Vol. 1, No. 6 (March 24, 1979), pgs. 239-240.
22. Thomas Szasz, "Psychiatry as an Accomplice," Prosecutor’s Brief,
May/June 1978; Jay Ziskin, Coping with Psychiatric and Psychological
Testimony, Third Edition, (Venice, California: Law and Psychology
Press, 1981).
23. "Motion for Leave to File Brief Amicus Curiae and Brief Amicus
Curiae for the American Psychiatric Association," Estelle v. Smith,
Case No. 79-1127, U.S. Supreme Court, October term 1979, pg. 8.
24. "The Killings by Freed Mental Patients," Los Angeles Times,
November 14, 1973; Carroll, cited above at note 1-1.
25. "Statement by District Attorney," People v. Kemper, Case No. 50628,
Superior Court of the State of California, County of Santa Cruz,
November 20, 1973.
26. "Suspect in 9 Killings Was Found Normal," Los Angeles Times, April
28, 1973.
27. Carroll, cited above at note 1-1.
28. "Suspect in 9 Killings Was Found Normal," cited above at note
1-26.
29. "Statement by District Attorney," People v. Kemper, cited above at
note 1-25.
30. Ted Rohrlich, "Scot Guilty of Stabbing Actress," Los Angeles Times,
October 26, 1982, pg. II-1; Doris Bacon, "Vicious Crime, Double
Jeopardy," People Magazine, June 5, 1989, pgs. 43-49.
31. Samuel B. Guze, Criminality and Psychiatric Disorders, (New York:
Oxford Press, 1976), pgs. 119-120.
Chapter Two
1. Statement of Russell Feurst, on file with CCHR.
2. Charles Melville and Barbara Bunch, Psychotropic Drugs: A handbook
and Learning Guide for Mental Health Workers, (Atlanta: Georgia Mental
Health Institute, 1977).
3. "Top 100 Oral Drugs in Hospitals," American Druggist, September
1990, pg. 58.
4. R. Pickens, "Behavioral Pharmacology: A Brief History," Advances in
Behavioral Pharmacology, edited by T. Thompson and P. Dews, (New York:
Academic Press, 1977), pgs. 233-235; J.P. Swazey, Chlorpromazine in
Psychiatry, (Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1974), pgs. 117-120,
201-207; both cited in Dendron News, Eugene, Oregon, August 1988.
5. Heinz E. Lehmann, "Therapeutic Results With Chlorpromazine,"
Canadian Medical Association Journal, Vol. 72, 1955, pgs. 91-99, cited
in David Richman, Dr. Caligari’s Psychiatric Drugs, (Berkeley,
California: Network Against Psychiatric Assault, 1984), pg. 20.
6. "Thorazine Therapy," Dendron News, Eugene, Oregon, August 1988, pgs.
1, 5.
7. James Armstrong, "Personal Accounts of Experience on the Orwell
Ward," Shrink Resistant: the struggle against psychiatry in Canada,
edited by Bonnie Burstow and Don Weitz, (Vancouver: New Star Books,
1988), pgs. 253-254.
8. Mike Masterson and Chuck Cook, "Mentally sound given psychoactive
drugs," from a seven-part series entitled "A Special Report: Drugging
Our Elderly," The Arizona Republic, June 26, 1988, pg. 7.
9. "Medication concerns in rest homes," Science News, February 11,
1989, pg. 88.
10. Masterson and Cook, cited above at note 2-8.
11. Mike Masterson and Chuck Cook, "Innovative facility frees `monster’
from 27 drugs," The Arizona Republic, June 30, 1988, pg. 19.
12. Her dose had been continually increased by the staff until it
turned her into a vegetable, see Mike Masterson and Chuck Cook,
"`Vegetable’: Mom given 100 times her dose," The Arizona Republic, July
1, 1988, pg. 23; Masterson and Cook, June 26, 1988, cited above at
note 2-8.
13. Mike Masterson and Chuck Cook, "Alzheimer’s victim looked `dead’
from overdrugging," The Arizona Republic, June 29, 1988, pg. 14.
14. Mike Masterson and Chuck Cook, "Medications killing, harming
elderly Americans," The Arizona Republic, June 26, 1988, pg. 5.
15. Mike Masterson and Chuck Cook, "Drugs’ link in deaths often
undetected," The Arizona Republic, June 28, 1988, pg. 12; "Casualties
in Principal Wars of the U.S.," The World Almanac and Book of Facts,
1986, (New York: Newspaper Enterprise Association, 1985), pg. 333.
16. Masterson and Cook, June 28, 1988, cited in preceding note.
17. G.J. Sarwer-Foner and W. Ogle, "Psychosis and Enhanced Anxiety
Produced by Reserpine [a major tranquilizer] and Chlorpromazine," The
Canadian Medical Association Journal, Vol. 74, No. 7 (April 1, 1956),
pgs. 526-532.
18. Albert W. Lang and Robert A. Moore, "Acute Toxic Psychosis
Concurrent with Phenothiazine Therapy," The American Journal of
Psychiatry, Vol. 117, April 1961, pgs. 939-940.
19. Daniel S. Chaffin, "Phenothiazine-Induced Acute Psychotic Reaction:
The `Psychotoxicity’ of a Drug," The American Journal of Psychiatry,
Vol. 121, No. 1 (July 1964), pgs. 26-32.
20. Theodore Van Putten, "The Many Faces of Akathisia," Comprehensive
Psychiatry, Vol. 16, No. 1 (January/ February 1975), pgs. 43-47.
21. Ibid.
22. Diane S. Lund, "Tardive Dyskinesia Lawsuits on Increase," The
Psychiatric Times, Vol. 6, No. 5 (May 1989).
23. This is discussed in Guy Chouinard and Barry D. Jones,
"Neuroleptic-Induced Supersensitivity Psychosis: Clinical and
Pharmacologic Characteristics," The American Journal of Psychiatry,
Vol. 137, No. 1 (January 1980), pgs. 16-21.
24. Ibid.
25. D.G. Workman and D.G. Cunningham, "Effects Of Psychotropic Drugs On
Aggression In A Prison Setting," Canadian Family Physician, November
1975, pgs. 63-66.
26. John N. Herrera and others, "High Potency Neuroleptics and Violence
in Schizophrenics," The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, Vol.
176, No. 9 (September 1988), pgs. 558-561.
27. Walter A. Keckich, "Violence as a Manifestation of Akathisia," The
Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 240, No. 20
(November, 1978), pg. 2,185.
28. Jerome L. Schulte, "Homicide and Suicide Associated with Akathisia
and Haloperidol [Haldol]," American Journal of Forensic Psychiatry,
Vol. 6, No. 2 (1985), pgs. 3-7.
29. Ibid.
30. Ibid.
31. Bryan Berry, "CVH [Connecticut Valley Hospital] Slaying suspect was
AWOL," Record Journal, Meriden, Connecticut, July 30, 1989, pg. A-1.
32. Darryl Campagna, "Man accused of stabbing girl to appear in court,"
Record Journal, Meriden, Connecticut, July 31, 1989, pg. 1.
33. Beverly Medlyn, "Gannon found guilty of murdering father," Tempe
Daily News Tribune, Tempe, Arizona, June 29, 1989, pg. 1A.
34. J.W. Brown, "Woman killed to become `normal,’ court told," The
Phoenix Gazette, June 21, 1989, pg. A13.
35. Ibid.
36. Mike Martindale and Sheila Gruber Belloli, "Gunman slid through
cracks of busy program," The Detroit News, October 19, 1988, pg. 1A.
37. Ibid.; Linda Jones, "Slain gunman was rarely violent, friends,
relatives say," The Detroit News, October 19, 1988.
38. "Top 200 Drugs of 1989," American Druggist, February 1990, pgs.
26-39.
39. Workman and Cunningham, cited above at note 2-25.
40. Richard I. Shader and Alberto DiMascio, Psychotropic Drug Side
Effects, (Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1970), pg. 134.
41. See "Hinckley’s psychiatrist prescribed disastrous treatment,
doctor says," and "Hinckley backs gun control," cited above at notes
1-15 and 1-16.
42. Jerrold F. Rosenbaum and others, "Emergence of Hostility During
Alprazolam [Xanax] Treatment," The American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol.
141, No. 6 (June 1984), pgs. 792-793.
43. David L. Gardner and Rex W. Cowdry, "Alprazolam-Induced Dyscontrol
in Borderline Personality Disorder," The American Journal of
Psychiatry, Vol. 142, No. 1 (January 1985), pgs. 98-100.
44. Smith; Richards; both cited above at note 1-12.
45. "Top 200 Drugs of 1989," cited above at note 2-38.
46. Drugs in psychiatric practice, edited by Peter J. Tyrer, (London:
Butterworth, 1982), pg. 206.
47. Paul H. Soloff and others, "Paradoxical Effects of Amitriptyline on
Borderline Patients," The American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 143, No.
12 (December 1986), pgs. 1603-1605.
48. Paul H. Soloff and others, "Behavioral Dyscontrol in Borderline
Patients Treated With Amitriptyline," Psychopharmacology Bulletin, Vol.
23, No. 1 (1987), pgs. 177-181.
49. Louis A. Gottschalk and others, "Effects of Imipramine on Anxiety
and Hostility Levels," Psychopharmacologia, Vol. 7, No. 4 (March
1965), pgs. 303-310.
50. Javad H. Kashani and others, "Hypomanic reaction to amitriptyline
in a depressed child," Psychosomatics, Vol. 21, No. 10 (October 1980),
pgs. 867-872.
51. David Mebane, "Jurgevich testifies in his own defense," Daily
Northwest Colorado Press, Craig, Colorado, March 22, 1989, pg. 1.
52. Bill Walsh, "Longer evaluation for man held in son’s stab death,"
Daily Transcript, Dedham, Massachusetts, December 28, 1988, pg. 1; Nick
Tate, "Lawyer to ask: Would a sane man murder his son?" The Boston
Herald, November 30, 1988, pg. 1.
53. Joseph F. Lipinski and others, "Fluoxetine [Prozac]-Induced
Akathisia: Clinical and Theoretical Implications, The Journal of
Clinical Psychiatry, Vol. 50, No. 9 (September 1989), pgs. 339-342.
54. William C. Wirshing and others, "Fluoxetine, Akathisia, and
Suicidality: Is there a Causal Connection?" Archives of General
Psychiatry, Vol. 49 (July 1992), pgs. 580-581; Anthony J. Rothschild
and Carol A. Locke, "Re-exposure to Fluoxetine After Serious Suicide
Attempts by Three Patients: The Role of Akathisia," The Journal of
Clinical Psychiatry, Vol. 52, No. 12 (December, 1991), pgs. 491-493.
55. Jim Adams and Cary B. Willis, "Inquest probes causes of rampage,"
The Courier-Journal, Louisville, November 23, 1989, pg. 1.
56. Lee A. Coleman, an entry into Joseph Wesbecker’s psychiatric
records re Prozac, September 11, 1989; described in Jim Adams, "Doctor
urged Wesbecker to enter hospital 3 days before shooting," The
Courier-Journal, October 26, 1989, pg. 1, and also discussed in the
testimony of psychiatrist Lee A. Coleman, transcript of the proceedings
of the coroner’s inquest into the Wesbecker murders, Jefferson County,
November 22, 1989, pgs. i and 71-76. (Lee A. Coleman is no relation to
psychiatrist Lee Coleman of Berkeley, California.)
57. LaTonya Turner, News, WFMV TV, Nashville, August 6, 1990, 6 p.m.;
Lynn Ferguson, "Despatches: The Prozac File," Channel 4 TV, London,
England, December 19, 1990.
58. Michael Bunch, "2 now dead in domestic tragedy; daughter, a
witness, traumatized," The San Diego Union, April 18, 1991.
59. Geoffrey Cowley and others, "A Prozac Backlash," Newsweek, April 1,
1991, pgs. 63-67.
60. Rachel Simpson, "Drug made my life hell, claims gun case man,"
Daily Express, London, October 18, 1991.
61. FDA memorandum by Alan Gielberg, acting chief, Surveillance and
Data Processing Branch, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S.
Food and Drug Administration, May 30, 1991.
62. Computer printout dated June 18, 1992, of adverse reaction reports
on Prozac filed with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
63. Amy Boardman, "Plaintiffs’ Bar Anticipates Prozac Landslide," Texas
Lawyer, Dallas, March 11, 1991.
64. Amy Dockser Marcus, "Murder Trials Introduce Prozac Defense," The
Wall Street Journal, February 7, 1991.
65. Martin H. Teicher and others, "Emergence of Intense Suicidal
Preoccupation During Fluoxetine Treatment," The American Journal of
Psychiatry, Vol. 147, No. 2 (February 1990), pgs. 207-210; Rothschild,
cited above at note 2-54.
66. Robert A. King and others, "Emergence of Self-Destructive Phenomena
in Children and Adolescents during Fluoxetine Treatment," Journal of
the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Vol. 30, No. 2
(March 1991), pgs. 179-186.
67. Jack M. Gorman and others, "An Open Trial of Fluoxetine in the
Treatment of Panic Attacks," Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology,
Vol. 7, No. 5 (October 1987), pg. 329-332. On page 331, the study
refers to two of the people in the study who became suicidal, only one
of whom had a prior history of having suicidal thoughts.
68. P. Masand and others, "Suicidal Ideation Related To Fluoxetine
Treatment," (letter), New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 326, No. 4
(February 7, 1991), pg. 420.
69. Wirshing, cited above at note 2-54.
70. Martin H. Teicher and others, "Discussion of fluoxetine and
suicidal tendencies" (letter), The American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol.
147, No. 11 (November 1990). In this letter Teicher mentions the study
at the University of South Carolina.
71. Adverse reaction reports filed with the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration linking violence and suicide with Prozac, released under
the Freedom of Information Act by the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration, December 1989.
72. Food and Drug Administration letter to Lilly Research Laboratories
approving Lilly’s New Drug Application (#18-936) to sell and promote
Prozac (fluoxetine hydrochloride), December 29, 1987, pgs. 1, 7, 8, 10,
11, 16-17.
73. Veslemoey Vatne, Memorandum entitled "Opplysninger om Prozac"
[Information on Prozac], The Norwegian Medicines Control Authority,
June 19, 1991; Richard Bergstroem, Memorandum entitled "Re: Fontex"
(fluoxetine), Medical Products Agency, Sweden, May 10, 1991, both on
file with CCHR.
74. Letter from Citizens Commission on Human Rights Executive Director
Sanford Block to Intentional Injury Unit, Centers for Disease Control,
May 6, 1991.
75. Sidney M. Wolfe and Ida Hellander, "Citizen’s Petition for revision
of fluoxetine labeling," filed with the Commissioner, Food and Drug
Administration, May 23, 1991.
76. Robert Graham, Coroner in and for the Province of British Columbia,
Judgement Of Inquiry Into The Death Of James Ferguson, March 5, 1992,
pgs. 9-10.
77. Robert Steinbrook, "Tracking Disease the Old Way," Los Angeles
Times, November 27, 1989, pg. A1.
78. "L-Tryptophan Illnesses in U.S. Linked to Japanese," United Press
International, October 7, 1990; as of this writing, according to the
FDA, the order prohibiting sales of L-tryptophan was still in force.
79. "FDA Revokes Drug Approvals," Los Angeles Times, August 14, 1989,
Business section; "Popular Generic Drugs Face FDA Testing," Los Angeles
Times, August 17, 1989, section I, pg. 20; "FDA drug scandal shooting
Par down," USA Today, August 9, 1989, Money section.
80. FDA Drug Review: Postapproval Risks 1976-85, United States General
Accounting Office, Washington, D.C., April 26, 1990, pgs. 1-4, 24-32,
74-78.
81. Michael Specter, "Warnings Sought on Sleeping Pill," Washington
Post, Washington, D.C., April 20, 1990, pg. A4; Cindy Ehrlich,
"Halcion: Prescription for Trouble? Why did the FDA let it on the
market?", California, October 1988, pgs. 74-77.
82. Dawn House, "Utahn Faults Label on Sleeping Pill," Salt Lake City
Tribune, May 9, 1990, pg. 1; Loren Webb, "Local woman uses novel
defense," The Daily Spectrum, St. George, February 17, 1989.
83. "Killer Drugs," Geraldo, April 21, 1989, transcript prepared by
Journal Graphics Inc., New York, 1989, pg. 6.
84. Letter from Sanford Block, Executive Director, Citizens Commission
on Human Rights to F. Gary Davis, General Counsel, Office of Government
Ethics, regarding "Conflicts of interest in FDA’s handling of Prozac
controversy," November 29, 1991.
85. Chris Harvey and Arlo Wagner, "Worker kills 3 colleagues, self in
office," The Washington Times, February 16, 1989, pg. 1A; interview
with Washington, D.C., police by CCHR, February 16, 1989.
86. "Tustin Woman Held in Bludgeoning Death of Mother, 83," Los Angeles
Times, December 23, 1988, pg. I-28; David Geddes, "In Regard to: Betty
Lou Hahn" (a psychiatric examination of Betty Hahn), filed in the
Orange County Municipal Court, Orange County, California, 1989, pgs.
1-2; "Mom Killer Ruled Insane," The Tustin News, July 27, 1989, pg.
A-1.
87. Richard Brooks, "Father seeks damages over children’s deaths," The
Sun, San Bernardino, California, October 5, 1986, pgs. A1 and A7;
"Deposition of Thomas Rasmussen," pgs. 27-30, and Plaintiff’s Exhibit
4 from the "Deposition of Cindy Jean Ford," Feurst vs. Loma Linda
University, Case No. 217773, San Bernardino Superior Court, San
Bernardino, California, December 15, 1983, pgs. 21, 31, 39.
88. "Direct Examination of James Martinez," People vs. Mary Feurst,
Case No. SCR-39419, San Bernardino County Municipal Court, San
Bernardino, California, August 25, 1982, pgs. 4-9.
89. Statement of Russell Feurst, on file with CCHR.
Chapter Three
1. Mark Schaffer, "Xanax, A Psychiatric Chemical Nightmare," FREEDOM
Magazine, March/April 1989, pgs. 18-19.
2. L. Grinspoon and J.B. Bakalar, "Drug dependence: nonnarcotic
agents," Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, Third edition, edited by
H.I. Kaplan and others, (Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1980),
quoted in Frank H. Gawin and Herbert Kleber, "Evolving
Conceptualizations of Cocaine Dependence," Yale Journal of Biology and
Medicine, Vol. 61, No. 2 (March-April 1988), pgs. 123-136.
3. Paul Bass, "Companies Act to Aid Cocaine Addicts," The New York
Times, November 10, 1985.
4. Gawin and Kleber, cited above at note 3-2.
5. Herbert D. Kleber, "Detoxification From Narcotics," Substance Abuse,
Clinical Problems And Perspectives, edited by Joyce H. Lowinson and
Pedro Ruiz, (Baltimore, 1981), pg. 318.
6. Charles E. Terry and Mildred Pellens, The Opium Problem, prepared by
the Bureau of Social Hygiene, Inc., (New York, 1928), pgs. 76-86.
7. Ibid., pgs. 484-485.
8. Including, most notably, by Marie Nyswander, the co-originator of
methadone maintenance, see Edward M. Brecher, Licit and Illicit Drugs,
(Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1972), pg. 161.
9. Marsha Rosenbaum and others, "Money for Methadone: Preliminary
Findings from a Study of Alameda County’s New Maintenance Policy,"
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, Vol. 19, No. 1 (January-March 1987),
pgs. 13-18.
10. "Methadone: N.Y. hooked on a cure, War on addiction in chaos," The
Denver Post (from Newsday), August 20, 1989.
11. Ray Belew, "Methadone `victory’ rate: 1%," The Columbus Dispatch,
July 2, 1987, pg. 1A.
12. "Methadone: N.Y. hooked on a cure, War on addiction in chaos,"
cited above at note 3-10.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid.
15. Irvin C. Kleiderer and others, Pharmaceuticals at the I.G.
Farbenindustrie Plant, Elberfeld Germany, prepared by the Office of the
Publication Board, Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C., January
18, 1946, Item K-1.
16. "Eli Lilly and Company: Purveyors of Deadly Drugs," FREEDOM
Magazine, December 1990, pg. 7.
17. Frank Barron and Timothy F. Leary, "Changes in Psychoneurotic
Patients With and Without Psychotherapy," Journal of Consulting
Psychology, Vol. 19 (August 1955), pgs. 239-245; Jay Haley, "The Art Of
Being A Failure As A Therapist," The American Journal Of
Orthopsychiatry, Vol. 39, No. 4 (July 1969), pgs. 691-695, 691.
18. Jay Stevens, Storming Heaven, LSD and the American Dream, (New
York: Harper & Row, 1987), pg. 7.
19. G. Tayleur Stockings, "A Clinical Study of the Mescaline Psychosis
With Special Reference to the Mechanism of the Genesis of Schizophrenic
and Other Psychotic States," The Journal of Mental Science, Vol. 86
(January 1940), pgs. 29-47.
20. Stevens, cited above at note 3-18, pg. 11.
21. Horror stories arising from use of LSD can be found in Martin A.
Lee and Bruce Shlain, Acid Dreams, (New York: Grove Press, 1985).
22. Ronald K. Siegel, Intoxication, Life in Pursuit of Artificial
Paradise, (New York: E.P. Dutton, 1989), quoted in Lee Dembard,
"Intoxication, Life in Pursuit of Artificial Paradise" (a review), Los
Angeles Times, July 23, 1989.
23. Louis J. West, "Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Its Effects on a Male
Asiatic Elephant, Science, Vol. 138, No. 3545, December 7, 1962,
pgs. 1100-1102; for confirmation of West’s mind-control work with the
CIA, see Alan W. Scheflin and Edward M. Opton, The Mind Manipulators,
(New York: Paddington Press, 1978), pg. 149, or John M. Crewdson and
others, "Private Institutions Used in CIA Effort To Control Behavior,"
The New York Times, August 2, 1977, pg. 1
24. Louis J. West, "The Future of Psychiatric Education," American
Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 130, No. 5 (May 1973), pgs. 521-528, 525.
25. "Elephant Given Drug," Enid Daily Eagle, August 5, 1962.
26. Robert Reinhold, "U.S. Wins Agreement on Warning to Doctors on Use
of Tranquilizers," The New York Times, July 11, 1980, pg. A-1.
27. Richard Hughes and Robert Brewin, The Tranquilizing of America,
(New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1979), pg. 9.
28. Joseph A. Pursch, "Xanax is Climbing Fast on Abusers’ Best-Seller
List," Los Angeles Times, September 1, 1987.
29. Schaffer, FREEDOM Magazine, cited above at note 3-1.
30. Statement of William Hermanski, on file with CCHR.
31. The role of psychiatry in destroying education is discussed in
Chapter 8.
32. Drug Enforcement Administration manufacturing quotas established
for Ritalin annually. Information on CCHR’s educational campaign on
Ritalin can be found in "Readin’, ‘Ritin’ and Ritalin, How Psychiatric
Drugs Are Turning Our Children Into Robots," FREEDOM Magazine, August
1988, pg. 14.
33. Alexander R. Lucas and Morris Weiss, "Methylphenidate
Hallucinosis," Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 217,
No. 8 (August 23, 1971), pgs. 1079-1081; Allan S. Bloom and others,
"Methylphenidate-induced Delusional Disorder in a Child With Attention
Deficit Disorder With Hyperactivity," Journal of the American Academy
of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Vol. 27, No. 1 (January 1988), pgs.
88-89. (Methylphenidate is the generic name for Ritalin.)
34. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third
Edition, Revised, (Washington, D.C.: APA, 1987), pg. 136; the list of
drugs included in the class whch is described on pg. 136 is provided on
pg. 175.
35. Affidavit of George Powers, on file with CCHR.
36. Affidavit of Linda Perrone, on file with CCHR.
37. Affidavit of Kathy Eckstein, on file with CCHR.
38. Melanie Hiett, "Hyperactivity Drug Causes Addiction, Parents’ Suit
Says," Pensacola News Journal, December 12, 1990, pg. 1-A.
39. Affidavit of Fay O’Donnell, on file with CCHR.
40. Barbara Kantrowitz, "Shattered for the Second Time," Newsweek, May
8, 1989, pg. 66.
41. Holly Horwood, "Ritalin wracked her boy with pain," The Province,
Vancouver, Canada, July 24, 1987.
42. Kenneth Whyte and others, "Silent Scourge, How two obscure drugs
cause most of our urban crime." Western Report, Edmonton, Canada,
February 2, 1987, pgs. 38-44.
43. Ibid., pg. 38.
44. Michael Lashaway, "Ritalin in the Streets, Illegal Use of
Psychiatric Drugs Escalating in U.S. Cities," FREEDOM Magazine, July
1988, pg. 15.
45. John Bacon, "Ritalin drug abuse on the rise," USA Today, Wednesday,
August 3, 1988.
46. "Medical News," Colorado Medicine, April 1, 1989, pg. 115.
Chapter Four
1. "Senators Recognized for Work Against Psychiatric Rape," FREEDOM
Magazine, May/June 1989, pg. 31.
2. "Woman gets $1,135,000," Bay City Times, February 25, 1989.
3. David Perlmutt, "Allegations Of Sexual Misconduct Follow Doctor From
N.C. to Virginia," Charlotte Observer, November 22, 1988.
4. "Suit says doctors used electroshock to get woman to forget nude
therapy," Santa Ana Register, October 3, 1984.
5. Rex Dalton, "Psychiatrist’s former patient tells story of abuse,"
The San Diego Union, January 1, 1989.
6. Ibid.
7. "Doctor Found Guilty in `Sex Therapy,’" Los Angeles Times, March 20,
1975.
8. Mark Forster, "Woman in Affair with Psychiatrist Wins $4.6 Million,"
Los Angeles Times, July 8, 1981.
9. Gayle White, "Berry admits he molested six children," The Atlanta
Journal-Constitution, July 29, 1986.
10. Charles Walston, "Poetter pleads guilty to sodomy, gets 8 years,"
The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, April 9, 1988.
11. Jacinta Reddan, "Girl-sex `role in research,’" The Sun, Melbourne,
March 23, 1988.
12. Lee Richards, "Psychiatric Rape of Children Exposed; 64 Incidents
of Sexual Abuse Reported at New York Center," FREEDOM Magazine,
July/August 1989, pgs. 22-25.
13. Kelly Toughill, "Girls abused at hospital, report says," The
Toronto Star, April 7, 1992, pg. A10; Ciaran Ganley, "Were teen girls
abused?" The Toronto Sun, April 15, 1992.
14. Sydney Smith, "The Sexually Abused Patient and the Abusing
Therapist," California School of Professional Psychology, San Diego.
15. Gene Blake, "Doctor Accused of Sexual Abuse Fined, Sent to Jail,"
Los Angeles Times, January 23, 1982.
16. Mike Pearl and Peter Fearon, "Blue Cross Paid for `Sex Therapy’
With Prostitutes," New York Post, June 21, 1984.
17. "Tombo loses license," Ann Arbor News, March 16, 1989.
18. Ibid.; Peter Sleeth, "Psychiatrist loses appeal," Lansing State
Journal, November 2, 1988.
19. Tom Boee, "Psychologist Leader Being Sex-Investigated," VG
(Norway), January 25, 1992, pg. 8.
20. "New California Laws Address Patient-Therapist Sex," Psychiatric
News, January 15, 1988.
21. "Epidemic of psychotherapist-patient sex worsens," The San Diego
Union, January 1, 1989, pg. A-1.
22. "Doctor gets probation for assaulting patient," Colorado Springs
Gazette Telegraph, May 17, 1988; "Psychotherapist sent to prison," The
Denver Post, November 27, 1990; "Counselor arrested under new law
barring sex relations with clients," Glenwood Post, March 6, 1991;
"Plea bargain for counselor," Rocky Mountain News, April 26, 1991.
23. "Psychotherapist sent to prison," cited in preceding note.
24. "Doctor gets probation for assaulting patient," cited above at note
4-22.
25. "Female therapist pleads guilty to sex assault on teen," Rocky
Mountain News, May 23, 1991.
26. "Senators Recognized for Work Against Psychiatric Rape," cited
above at note 4-1.
27. Jerry Hicks, "Psychiatrist Sentenced for Molesting Patient," Los
Angeles Times, January 10, 1991.
28. Letter from Dennis Bauer to CCHR, January 18, 1991.
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